During the fire, a large number of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), etc. are produced, which will be poisoned and die after being inhaled by the human body. It is produced by the action of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), etc. that makeup combustibles with air.
Fire is a disaster caused by uncontrolled burning in time or space. In the new standard, fire is defined as uncontrolled burning in time or space. Among all kinds of disasters, fire is one of the main disasters that threaten public safety and social development most frequently and widely; the ability of human beings to use and control fire is an important symbol of civilization's progress. Therefore, the history of human use of fire and the history of fighting against fire go hand in hand. When people use fire, they constantly summarize the law of fire occurrence and try to reduce fire and its harm to human beings as much as possible. In the event of a fire, people need to escape safely and as soon as possible. Under normal circumstances, a large number of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, etc. will be produced during the firing process.
Fire escape method:
1. Keep calm, identify the direction, and evacuate quickly. In the event of a sudden fire, in the face of thick smoke and fire, first of all, you must force yourself to remain calm, quickly determine the dangerous and safe place, decide the way to escape, and evacuate from the dangerous place as soon as possible. Don't blindly follow the flow of people and crowd each other, rushing around. When evacuating, pay attention to running towards a bright place or an open area outside, and try to run below the floor as much as possible. If the passage is blocked by fireworks, you should turn away from the fireworks and escape to the outside through balconies, transoms, rooftops, etc. Remember: a person can only come up with a good solution if he is calm and composed.
2. Don't enter dangerous places, don't be greedy for the property. If you are in danger, you should evacuate as soon as possible. Don't waste your escape time on finding and removing valuables because you are shy or take care of valuables. Those who have escaped from danger should not return to danger and throw themselves into the trap. Remember: keep the green hills, don't be afraid of running out of firewood.
3. Simple protection, cover the nose and prostrate. When escaping through a smoke-filled route, it is necessary to prevent smoke poisoning and suffocation. In order to prevent the smoke from choking in the fire, you can use a towel, a mask to cover your nose, and crawl to evacuate. The smoke is lighter than the air and floats on the upper part. Evacuation close to the ground is the best way to avoid smoke inhalation and filter out the poisonous gas. When passing through the fireworks blockade area, you should wear protective equipment such as gas masks, helmets, flame-retardant, and heat-resistant clothing. Head and body wrapped, and then rushed out. Remember: It's better to have multiple protective gears on hand than bare hands.
4. Make good use of the passageway and do not enter the elevator. Buildings designed and constructed in accordance with standard standards will have more than two escape stairs, passages, or safety exits. In the event of a fire, it is necessary to choose a relatively safe stairway according to the situation. In addition to using stairs, you can also use the balcony, window sill, sky roof, etc. of the building to climb to the surrounding safe places and slide downstairs along the protrusions in the building structure such as downspouts and lightning protection lines to escape. In high-rise buildings, the power supply system of the elevator will be cut off at any time in the event of a fire, or the elevator will be deformed due to the effect of heat, and people will be trapped in the elevator. At the same time, because the elevator shaft is like a chimney that goes straight through to each floor, the poisonous smoke directly threatens the lives of those trapped. Remember: Elevators are extremely dangerous when escaping.
5. Slow down to escape, slide rope to save yourself. High-rise and multi-story public buildings are generally equipped with high-altitude descenders or lifelines, and personnel can safely leave dangerous floors through these facilities. If these special facilities are not available, and the safe passage has been blocked, and rescuers cannot arrive in time, you can quickly use the ropes around you or make simple lifelines such as sheets, curtains, clothes, etc., and wet it with water from the window sill or The balcony slides slowly along the rope to the floor or ground below; escape safely. Remember: Be bold and careful, and the lifeline is by your side.
6. Refuge places, stick to waiting for help. If you feel hot when you touch the door with your hand, once you open the door at this time, flames and thick smoke are bound to blow in your face. The escape route was cut off and no one was rescued for a short time. At this time, you can take measures to create shelters and stick to waiting for help. First, close the doors and windows facing the fire, open the doors and windows against the fire, plug the door cracks with a damp towel or a damp cloth or cover the doors and windows with a cotton quilt soaked in water, and then keep drenching the room with water to prevent the infiltration of fireworks and stick to the room. until rescuers arrive. Remember: why should a strong shield fear a sharp spear?
7. Swing slowly and throwing lightly to seek help. Those who are trapped by fireworks and cannot escape temporarily should try to stay in places such as balconies and windows that are easy to be found and can avoid fireworks. During the day, you can shake bright clothes out of the window, or throw light dazzling objects; at night, you can use a flashlight to keep flashing on the window or tap things and send out an effective distress signal in time to attract the attention of rescuers. Remember: fully expose yourself in order to effectively save yourself.
8. The fire has reached you, don't start running away. If people on the fire spot find that they are on fire, they must not run away or beat them with their hands. When your clothes are on fire, you should quickly try to take off your clothes or roll on the spot to suppress the fire; it is more effective to jump into the water in time or let someone pour water or spray fire on the body. Remember: Rolling on the spot is embarrassing, but burning yourself can be avoided.
9. Jumping off the building is a skill, although it hurts to survive. Jumping off the building to escape is also an escape method, but it should be noted that the method of jumping off the building is only adopted when the firefighters prepare the life-saving air cushion and instruct the jumping off the building or the floor is not high (generally below 4 floors), and the method of jumping off the building is burned to death. . When jumping from a building, you should also learn skills. When jumping off a building, you should try to jump in the middle of the life-saving air cushion or choose a direction to jump in a pool, soft awning, grass, etc.; if possible, try to hold some soft items such as quilts, sofa cushions, or open a big umbrella to jump. down to soften the impact. If you jump off a building with your bare hands, you must grab the window sill or balcony to make your body sag and jump down naturally, so as to minimize the vertical distance. Before landing, you should hold your head tightly with both hands and bend your body into a ball to reduce injury. Remember: jumping off the building does not mean suicide, the key is to have away.
10. If you are in a dangerous situation, don’t forget to save others. Anyone who finds a fire should call “119” for help as soon as possible, and report the fire to the fire brigade in time. The children, the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled in the fire scene do not have or have lost the ability to save themselves. In addition to saving themselves, other people present should actively help them to escape from danger as soon as possible.
